The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne mayaguensis Rammah and Hirschmann, 1988 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)
Janete Brito,britoj@doacs.state.fl.us,
Renato Inserra, inserrr@doacs.state.fl.us,
Paul Lehman, lehmanp@doacs.state.fl.us and
Wayne Dixon, dixonw@doacs.state.fl.us
Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry
INTRODUCTION: A root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne mayaguensis Rammah and Hirschmann, 1988, new Continental US record, has been detected and identified in regulatory samples collected from several ornamental plants (Thunbergia spp., Tibouchina spp., Tithonia spp., Torenia spp., and Trachelospermum spp.) in a nursery, Boynton Beach (Palm Beach Co.), on March 7, 2002; Hibiscus sp. in a nursery, Miami (Broward Co.) on July 5, 2002; tropical fruit trees (Annona sp., Pouteria sapota, Euphorbia longana, Chrysophyllum cainito, and Psidium guajava) in a nursery, Redlands (Dade Co.), on March 7, 2002; with unidentified plant species (weeds) in a commercial tomato field, on March 1, 2002, LaBelle (Hendry Co.), and with basil (Ocimum sp.) in a commercial basil field, on August 29, 2002, Palm City (Martin Co.). The samples were a composite of roots from the plant species listed above. Further studies are needed to confirm the host status of these plants.
 Fig. 1. Micrograph of a perineal pattern of a Meloidogyne mayaguensis female from Florida fitting that reported in the original description of this species. |
 Fig. 2. Micrograph of the perineal pattern of a Meloidogyne mayaguensis female from Florida showing similarity to that of M. incognita. |
DESCRIPTION: The identification of this nematode was determined by morphological studies, isozyme phenotypes, mitochondrial DNA, and the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS1). Examination of the perineal patterns of females of the Florida populations indicates accentuated morphological variability. Perineal patterns fitting those reported in the original description of M. mayaguensis were observed in some specimens (Fig. 1). However, many specimens showed perineal patterns similar to those of M. incognita (Fig. 2).
DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Cuba, Malawi, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Tobago, Trinidad, Venezuela and West Africa (Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso).
HOST PLANTS: Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is the type host, first reported in Puerto Rico. Other recorded hosts include vegetable and agronomic crops such as, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), soybean (Glycine max), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). A tropical fruit tree guava (Psidium guajava) is also a good host of this nematode. Spanish needle (Bidens pilosa) a weed host was also identified. In Cuba, reproduction was observed on coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Caturra), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Icapijao), beet (Beta vulgaris), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis), celery (Apium graveolens cv. Utah), horsebean (Cannavalia ensiformis), parsley (Petroselynum crispum cv. Plain), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.). In Florida, this nematode has been found in roots of angel trumpet (Brugmansia 'Sunray'), basil (Ocimum sp.), cape honeysuckle (Tecomaria capensis), glory bush (Tibouchina 'Compacta' and Tibouchina elegans), ajuga, carpet bugleweed (Ajuga reptans), and Uganda glorybower (Clerodendrum ugandense).
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Populations of Meloidogyne mayaguensis able to overcome resistance in tomato cv. Rossol, soybean cv. Forrest, and sweet potato cv. CDH are reported in West Africa. Damage to coffee has been observed in Cuba where it also reproduces on tomatoes with the Mi resistance gene. So far, no information is available on the host preference of Florida populations of M. mayaguensis. Experiments will be conducted under quarantine conditions (Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL) to determine whether the Florida populations of M. mayaguensis are able to reproduce on resistant tomato (+ Mi gene) cultivars.
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Updated 4/24/2007, Created 6/14/2002
